Liver Diseases in Children: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

Jul 24, 2025

The liver is one of the body's most vital organs, processing nutrients, filtering toxins, storing energy, and aiding digestion. When a child has liver disease, it can disrupt these essential functions, leading to a wide range of health complications.
Unlike adults, liver diseases in children may present differently and require specialised care. However, early diagnosis and treatment by an experienced Pediatric Gastroenterologist can significantly affect outcomes, empowering parents and caregivers to take proactive steps in their child's health.

Understanding Liver Disease in Children

Liver disease in children refers to any condition that affects the structure or function of the liver. It can be present at birth (congenital), develop due to an infection, be caused by autoimmune disorders, or arise from genetic and metabolic conditions. Some liver diseases in children are acute, meaning they develop quickly and resolve with treatment, while others are chronic and may require long-term care.

Common Causes of Liver Disease in Children

Several factors can contribute to liver problems in children. These include:

Biliary Atresia

Biliary Atresia is a condition where the bile ducts that carry bile from the liver to the intestine are blocked or missing. Without proper bile flow, the liver becomes damaged over time. It typically appears in the first few weeks of life and requires early surgical intervention.

Hepatitis

Viral infections, such as hepatitis A, B, or C, can cause inflammation of the liver. Children may contract hepatitis through contaminated food or water, mother-to-child transmission, or blood transfusions.

Genetic or Metabolic Disorders

Conditions like Wilson's disease (excessive copper build-up), Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and glycogen storage diseases can impair liver function and gradually lead to liver damage.

Autoimmune Liver Disease

In autoimmune hepatitis, the immune system mistakenly attacks liver cells. This condition can be managed effectively if caught early.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Though more common in adults, this is increasingly being seen in children, especially those who are overweight or obese. It involves fat accumulation in liver cells, leading to inflammation and scarring.

Neonatal Hepatitis

This condition affects newborns, usually within the first two months, and may result from an infection or an unknown cause. Babies with neonatal hepatitis may have jaundice and poor weight gain.

Symptoms to Watch Out For

The signs of liver disease in children can be subtle in the early stages. Parents should consult a Pediatric Gastroenterologist in Delhi if they notice any of the following symptoms:

Jaundice, the yellowing of the skin and eyes

Swelling in the abdomen or legs

Dark urine and pale stools

Persistent fatigue or irritability

Itching (due to bile salts accumulating in the skin)

Loss of appetite and poor weight gain

Frequent nosebleeds or easy bruising

Delayed growth or puberty in older children

Timely medical attention is essential, as untreated liver disease can progress to liver failure.

Diagnosis and Evaluation

Diagnosing liver disease in children typically involves a combination of physical examination, blood tests, imaging studies (like ultrasound or MRI), and sometimes a liver biopsy. At Rainbow Children's Hospital, our team uses advanced diagnostic tools to accurately assess the condition and determine the best course of treatment.

Treatment Options Available at Rainbow Children's Hospital

The treatment for liver disease in children depends on the underlying cause, how advanced the condition is, and the child's overall health. Rainbow's team of pediatric liver specialists and gastroenterologists in Delhi offers personalised care, which may include:

Medications to reduce inflammation, control infection, or treat metabolic imbalances

Nutritional support to ensure the child gets the proper nutrients for growth and healing

Surgery, such as the Kasai procedure for biliary atresia

Liver transplant, in severe cases where the liver is damaged beyond repair

Our multidisciplinary team ensures comprehensive management, from diagnosis to recovery, providing parents and caregivers with the reassurance that their child is receiving the best possible care, and helping children live healthy lives.

Why Choose A Pediatric Gastroenterologist at Rainbow?

Our Pediatric Gastroenterologists are highly trained to handle simple and complex liver conditions with compassion, precision, and expertise. They play a crucial role in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of liver diseases in children, ensuring the best possible outcomes for your child.
Liver disease in children may seem overwhelming, but with early intervention and the proper medical support, most children can recover well and live whole lives.
If you are concerned about your child's symptoms or have a family history of liver disorders, it is best to consult a Pediatric Gastroenterologist without delay.
At Rainbow Children's Hospital, your child's health is our top priority. We have a team of experienced pediatric liver specialists, state-of-the-art facilities, and a dedicated liver care unit, ensuring that your child receives the best possible care in a safe and nurturing environment.

FAQs

1. What are the early signs of liver problems in children?

Early signs may include yellowing of the eyes or skin (jaundice), dark urine, pale stools, constant tiredness, or poor appetite. While some symptoms are mild at first, they can worsen quickly. If you notice these signs, consult a pediatric liver specialist promptly.

2. Can liver disease in children be cured?

Yes, many liver conditions in children can be effectively treated or managed if caught early. Some require medication, lifestyle changes, or surgery, while others may need ongoing care. Early diagnosis makes a big difference in long-term outcomes.

3. When should I take my child to a Pediatric Gastroenterologist in Delhi?

If your child shows signs like jaundice, swollen belly, poor growth, chronic fatigue, or unexplained weight loss, it’s time to see a Pediatric Gastroenterologist in Delhi. They specialize in liver and digestive issues and can guide the right treatment approach.

4. What causes liver disease in babies and young children?

Liver disease in infants is often due to biliary atresia, infections like hepatitis, or inherited metabolic conditions. These can affect bile flow or liver function and may appear within the first few weeks of life. Early screening and specialist care are essential.

Disclaimer:
The information provided in this blog is for general informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition, symptoms, or treatment options. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you have read here.

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Liver Diseases in Children: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

Understanding Liver Disease in Children